![]() However, with the availability and convenience of online resources, one of the critical issues emerged is that non-native English speakers are constantly accused of committing textual plagiarism: either intentionally or unintentionally. The prevalence of information and communication technology (ICT) has considerably converted the means of/for publication and circulation, as well as transforming academia and English pedagogy. All mentioned indicate possible reasons of higher rates of research misconduct among Croatian scientists in comparison with scientists in highly developed countries. Finally, Croatian scientists are not formally educated about responsible conduct of research at any level of their formal education. Scientists do not trust ethical bodies and the system for defining and regulating research misconduct therefore the observed cases of research misconduct are rarely reported. At the University of Rijeka there is no document dedicated exclusively to research integrity, describing the values that should be fostered by a scientist and clarifying the forms of research misconduct and what constitutes a questionable research practice. The results of our study indicate that the efficacy of the system for managing research misconduct in Croatia is poor. Based on the respondents who admitted having observed research misconduct of fellow scientists, 72 (30.4%) observed plagiarism, 69 (29.1%) observed data falsification, 46 (19.4%) observed data fabrication, and 132 (55.7%) respondents admitted having observed violation of the authorship rules. Based on the respondents who admitted having committed research misconduct, 9 (3.8%) admitted to plagiarism, 22 (9.3%) to data falsification, 9 (3.8%) to data fabrication, and 60 (25.3%) respondents admitted to violation of authorship rules. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed among 1,232 Croatian scientists at the University of Rijeka in 2012/2013 and 237 (19.2%) returned the survey. Additionally, we sought to determine the degree of development and the extent of implementation of the system for defining and regulating research misconduct in a typical scientific community in Croatia. The primary aim of this study was to determine the rates at which scientists report committing or observing the most serious forms of research misconduct, such as falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, and violation of authorship rules in the Croatian scientific community. In moderately or poorly developed countries such as Croatia, data on research misconduct are scarce. The prevalence and characteristics of research misconduct have mainly been studied in highly developed countries. ![]() Plan and program to educate students about academic integrity and research methodology is required on all educational level. ![]() They are lacking knowledge on scienti c methodology, academic and scienti c misconduct. Conclusion: Students' attitudes re ect insu cient level of seriousness and awareness with which plagiarism is perceived. Plagiarism is perceived as not very important (63% of students), harmless (59%), justi ed under special circumstances (42%), and sometimes necessary (35%). Results: Results revealed moderate positive attitude (36 ± 7) and subjective norms (32 ± 6) toward plagiarism and moderate to high negative attitude (26 ± 4). Score range expends from 12 to 60 (low: 12-28 moderate: 29-45 high: 46-60) measuring positive attitude toward plagiarism, from 7 to 35 (low: 7-16 moderate: 17-26 high: 27-35) measuring negative attitude toward plagiarism and from 10 to 50 (low: 10-23 moderate: 24-37 high: 38-50) measuring subjective norms. Results were presented as score (mean ± SD) followed by reference range (divided in three equal parts: low, moderate and high score). The questionnaire is composed of 29 statements on a 5 point Likert scale, (1 – strongly disagree, 2 – disagree, 3 – neither agree nor disagree, 4 – agree and 5 – strongly agree) measuring three attitudinal factors (positive and negative attitude and subjective norms) toward plagiarism. Materials and methods: First year students of Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia (N = 146) were anonymously tested using Attitude toward Plagiarism (ATP) questionnaire. The cross-sectional survey study was done with aim to explore the attitudes toward plagiarism. Introduction: Plagiarism is one of the most frequent and serious forms of misconduct in academic environment.
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